Class: Tricyclics and Other Norepinephrine-reuptake Inhibitors
Note: This monograph also contains information on Imipramine Hydrochloride
VA Class: CN601
CAS Number: 113-52-0
Brands: Tofranil, Tofranil-PM
- Suicidality
Antidepressants may increase risk of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults (18–24 years of age) with major depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders; balance this risk with clinical need.i j Imipramine is not approved for use in pediatric patients except patients ≥6 years of age with enuresis.a b (See Pediatric Use under Cautions.)
In pooled data analyses, risk of suicidality was not increased in adults >24 years of age and apparently was reduced in adults ≥65 years of age with antidepressant therapy compared with placebo.i j
Depression and certain other psychiatric disorders are themselves associated with an increased risk of suicide.i j k
Appropriately monitor and closely observe all patients who are started on imipramine therapy for clinical worsening, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior; involve family members and/or caregivers in this process.i j k (See Worsening of Depression and Suicidality Risk under Cautions.)
Introduction
Dibenzazapine-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA).a b f
Uses for Imipramine Pamoate
Major Depressive Disorder
Management of major depressive disorder.a b
Results of several studies of TCAs in preadolescent and adolescent patients with major depression indicate lack of overall efficacy in this age group.
Enuresis
Temporary adjunctive therapy in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting) in children ≥6 years of age.a
Safety and efficacy of long-term use not established.a
Panic Disorder
Management of panic disorder† with or without agoraphobia†.c
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Second-line agent in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder† (ADHD) in patients unable to tolerate or unresponsive to stimulants.
Associated with a narrower margin of safety than some other therapeutic agents; use only if clearly indicated and with careful monitoring, including baseline and subsequent determinations of ECG and other parameters.
Eating Disorders
Has been used for management of eating disorders† (e.g., bulimia†, anorexia nervosa†) with equivocal results; avoid use in underweight individuals and in those exhibiting suicidal ideation.c
Bipolar Disorder
Has been used for the short-term management of acute depressive episodes in bipolar disorder†.c
TCAs associated with a greater risk of precipitating hypomania or manic episodes than other classes of antidepressants;c should always be used in combination with a mood stabilizer (e.g., lithium).h
Schizophrenia
Has been used for the management of acute depressive episodes (in combination with an antipsychotic) in patients with schizophrenia†.c
Anxiety Disorders
Has been used for the management of anxiety† (in combination with an anxiolytic, a sedative, or an antipsychotic) in patients with depression.c
Postherpetic Neuralgia
Among the drugs of choice for the symptomatic treatment of postherpetic neuralgia†.c
Insomnia
Less effective for insomnia† and associated with more serious adverse reactions than conventional hypnotics.c
Imipramine Pamoate Dosage and Administration
General
Major Depressive Disorder
Allow at least 2 weeks to elapse between discontinuance of therapy with an MAO inhibitor and initiation of imipramine and vice versa.a b Also allow at least 5 weeks to elapse when switching from fluoxetine.a b
Monitor for possible worsening of depression, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior, especially at the beginning of therapy or during periods of dosage adjustments.a b i j k (See Worsening of Depression and Suicidality Risk under Cautions.)
Sustained therapy may be required; administer lowest effective dosage and monitor periodically for need for continued therapy.a b
Avoid abrupt discontinuance of therapy in patients receiving high dosages for prolonged periods.f To avoid withdrawal reactions, taper dosage gradually.a b
Enuresis
Exclude organic causes of enuresis prior to initiation of therapy.a
If daytime urgency and frequency occur, perform appropriate examinations (e.g., voiding cystourethrography, cystoscopy).a
Tolerance (tachyphylaxis) to therapeutic effects possible with continuous administration of imipramine; consider instituting a drug-free period following an adequate therapeutic trial with favorable response.a
Long-term, chronic use not recommended; gradually discontinue therapy following a period of satisfactory response.a To minimize risk of relapse, avoid abrupt discontinuance of therapy.a
Children who relapse when the drug is discontinued may not respond to subsequent treatment with imipramine.a
Administration
Oral Administration
Administer orally in up to 4 divided doses (without regard to meals)g or as a single daily dose at bedtime to avoid daytime sedation.a b
Reserve use of Tofranil-PM capsules until recommended total daily imipramine hydrochloride dosage ≥75 mg.b Tofranil-PM usually administered once daily, but divided doses may be necessary in some patients.b Tofranil-PM should not be used in children of any age.b (See Pediatric Warnings under Cautions.)
Dosage
Available as imipramine hydrochloride or imipramine pamoate; dosage is expressed in terms of imipramine hydrochloride.a b f
Individualize dosage carefully according to individual requirements and response.a b
Pediatric Patients
Enuresis
Oral
Children ≥6 years of age: Initially, 25 mg daily, administered 1 hour prior to bedtime.a If satisfactory response not obtained within 1 week, dosage may be increased to 50 mg nightly for children <12 years of age or 75 mg nightly for children ≥12 years of age.a Higher dosages provide no additional therapeutic benefit but may increase risk of adverse effects.a Maximum 2.5 mg/kg daily.a
For children who are early-night bed-wetters, better results may be obtained by administering 25 mg in midafternoon and again at bedtime.a
Adults
Major Depressive Disorder
Outpatients
Oral
Initially, 75 mg daily.a b May increase dosage to 150 mg daily and then if necessary to 200 mg daily.a b
Maintenance dosages: 50–150 mg daily.a b
Hospitalized Patients
Oral
Initially, 100–150 mg daily (administered in divided doses).a b May increase dosages to 200 mg daily and then if there is no response after 2 weeks to 250–300 mg daily.a b
Prescribing Limits
Pediatric Patients
Enuresis
Oral
Maximum 2.5 mg/kg daily.a
Adults
Major Depressive Disorder
Outpatients
Oral
Maximum 200 mg daily.a b
Hospitalized Patients
Oral
Maximum 300 mg daily.a b
Special Populations
Geriatric Patients
Initially, 25–50 mg daily as imipramine hydrochloride (e.g., Tofranil).a b Increase dosage based on response and tolerance up to a maximum of 100 mg daily.a b
Cautions for Imipramine Pamoate
Contraindications
Concurrent or recent (i.e., within 2 weeks) therapy with an MAO inhibitor.a b (See Specific Drugs under Interactions.)
During the acute recovery phase following MI.a b
Known hypersensitivity to imipramine, other dibenzazepine-derivative TCAs, or any ingredient in the formulation.a b
Warnings/Precautions
Warnings
Worsening of Depression and Suicidality Risk
Possible worsening of depression and/or emergence of suicidal ideation and behavior (suicidality) or unusual changes in behavior in both adult and pediatric patients with major depressive disorder, whether or not they are taking antidepressants; may persist until clinically important remission occurs.i j k l However, suicide is a known risk of depression and certain other psychiatric disorders, and these disorders themselves are the strongest predictors of suicide.i j k
Appropriately monitor and closely observe patients receiving imipramine for any reason, particularly during initiation of therapy (i.e., the first few months) and during periods of dosage adjustments.i j k (See Boxed Warning and also see Pediatric Use under Cautions.)
Anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, akathisia, hypomania, and/or mania may be precursors to emerging suicidality.j k Consider changing or discontinuing therapy in patients whose depression is persistently worse or in those with emerging suicidality or symptoms that might be precursors to worsening depression or suicidality, particularly if severe, abrupt in onset, or not part of patient’s presenting symptoms.i j k (See General under Dosage and Administration.)
Prescribe in smallest quantity consistent with good patient management to reduce risk of overdosage.a j
Observe these precautions for patients with psychiatric (e.g., major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD]) or nonpsychiatric disorders.j
Bipolar Disorder
May unmask bipolar disorder.j (See Activation of Mania or Hypomania under Cautions.) Imipramine is not approved for use in treating bipolar depression.a b
Screen for risk of bipolar disorder by obtaining detailed psychiatric history (e.g., family history of suicide, bipolar disorder, depression) prior to initiating therapy.j
Cardiovascular Effects
Possible conduction defects, arrhythmias, CHF, MI, strokes, and tachycardia, particularly at higher dosages.a b
Patients with preexisting or prior history of cardiac disease, patients with disturbed eating behaviors (e.g., purging) that result in inadequate hydration and/or compromised cardiac status, geriatric patients, and children (see Pediatric Warnings) most at risk;a b c use with caution and monitor closely (e.g., perform ECG at baseline and as appropriate during therapy).a b c
Pediatric Warnings
ECG changes of unknown clinical importance reported in pediatric patients receiving twice the recommended maximum daily dosage for enuresis.a Do not exceed maximum recommended pediatric dosage (i.e., 2.5 mg/kg daily).a (See Pediatric Use under Cautions.)
Children may be more sensitive to an acute imipramine overdosage than adults;a b use of high-potency preparation, Tofranil-PM, not recommended for children of any age.b (See Worsening of Depression and Suicidality Risk and also see Pediatric Use under Cautions.)
Anticholinergic Effects
Use with caution in patients for whom excess anticholinergic activity could be harmful (e.g., history of urinary retention, increased intraocular pressure, angle-closure glaucoma).a b
Seizures
Lowers seizure threshold; use with caution in patients with a history of seizures.a b
Interactions
May block hypotensive actions of clonidine, guanethidine, and similar agents.a b
Possible pharmacokinetic (decreased imipramine metabolism) interaction with methylphenidate; imipramine dosage adjustments may be required.a b
May enhance CNS depressant effects of alcohol.a b Use with caution in patients with a history of excessive alcohol consumption.a b (See Interactions.)
Hyperthyroidism
Use with caution and under close supervision in hyperthyroid patients or patients receiving thyroid agents; possible adverse cardiovascular effects.a b
Cognitive/Physical Impairment
Mental alertness or physical coordination required for performing hazardous tasks (e.g., driving or operating machinery) may be impaired.a b
Sensitivity Reactions
Cross-hypersensitivity
Possible cross-sensitivity to other dibenzazepine-derivative TCAs (e.g., clomipramine, desipramine, trimipramine).a b c
Photosensitivity
Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight.a b
General Precautions
Adequate Patient Monitoring
Perform baseline ECG prior to initiation of therapy with larger than usual dosages and at periodic intervals thereafter until steady-state imipramine concentrations are achieved.a
Close supervision and more frequent cardiac monitoring recommended for patients with any evidence of cardiovascular disease.a (See Cardiovascular Effects.)
Activation of Mania or Hypomania
Possible activation of mania and hypomania, particularly in patients with bipolar disorder; decrease dosage and/or administer a benzodiazepine concomitantly.a b (See Bipolar Disorder under Cautions.)
Psychosis
Risk of manifestations of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia, particularly in patients with paranoid symptoms; decrease dosage and/or administer an antipsychotic (e.g., a phenothiazine) concomitantly.a b
Elective Surgery
Discontinue therapy several days prior to surgery whenever possible.a b
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Possible increased ECT risks; limit to patients for whom concomitant use is essential.a b
Hematologic Effects
Obtain leukocyte and differential blood counts if fever and sore throat develop during therapy.a b
If there is evidence of pathological neutrophil depression, discontinue therapy.a b
Blood Glucose Effects
Possible alterations in blood glucose concentrations.a b
Specific Populations
Pregnancy
Category D.e Manifestations of withdrawal reported in neonates following maternal use of imipramine during pregnancy.e
Lactation
Distributed into milk.a b e Breast-feeding not recommended.a b
Pediatric Use
Safety and efficacy not established in treatment of enuresis in children <6 years of age or for treatment of any other disorders in children <18 years of age.a b (See Pediatric Warnings under Cautions.)
FDA warns that a greater risk of suicidal thinking or behavior (suicidality) occurred during first few months of antidepressant treatment (4%) compared with placebo (2%) in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder, OCD, or other psychiatric disorders based on pooled analyses of 24 short-term, placebo-controlled trials of 9 antidepressant drugs (SSRIs and others).j However, a more recent meta-analysis of 27 placebo-controlled trials of 9 antidepressants (SSRIs and others) in patients <19 years of age with major depressive disorder, OCD, or non-OCD anxiety disorders suggests that the benefits of antidepressant therapy in treating these conditions may outweigh the risks of suicidal behavior or suicidal ideation.l No suicides occurred in these pediatric trials.j l
Carefully consider these findings when assessing potential benefits and risks of imipramine in a child or adolescent for any clinical use.i j k l (See Worsening of Depression and Suicidality Risk under Cautions.)
Geriatric Use
Insufficient experience in patients ≥65 years of age to determine whether geriatric patients respond differently than younger adults.c
In pooled data analyses, a reduced risk of suicidality was observed in adults ≥65 years of age with antidepressant therapy compared with placebo.i j (See Boxed Warning and also see Worsening of Depression and Suicidality Risk under Cautions.)
Possible increased sensitivity to anticholinergic (e.g., dry mouth, constipation, vision disturbance), cardiovascular, orthostatic hypotension, and sedative effects of TCAs.
Titrate dosage carefully.c (See Geriatric Patients under Dosage and Administration.)
Hepatic Impairment
Use with caution in patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment.a b
Renal Impairment
Use with caution in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment.a b
Common Adverse Effects
Anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry mouth,c constipation,c vision disturbance),c orthostatic hypotension,c sedation, weakness, lethargy, fatigue.c
In children with enuresis: Nervousness, sleep disorders, tiredness, mild GI disturbances.a
Interactions for Imipramine Pamoate
Metabolized in the liver by various CYP isoenzymes (e.g., CYP1A2, CYP2C, CYP2D6, CYP3A4).c
Drugs Affecting Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes
Inhibitors of CYP2D6: Potential pharmacokinetic interaction (increased plasma imipramine concentrations).a b Consider imipramine dosage adjustment whenever a CYP2D6 inhibitor is added or discontinued.a b
Inducers of CYP2D6: Potential pharmacokinetic interaction (decreased plasma imipramine concentrations).a b Consider imipramine dosage adjustment whenever a CYP2D6 inducer is added or discontinued.a
Specific Drugs
Drug
|
Interaction
|
Comments
|
|---|
Alcohol
|
Potentiates CNS depressant effects of alcohola b
|
Increased risks if overdose or suicide attempt occursa b
|
Antiarrhythmics: class 1C (e.g., flecainide, propafenone); quinidine
|
Potential for decreased imipramine metabolisma b
|
Monitor for TCA toxicity; dosage adjustment may be neededa b
|
Anticholinergic agents
|
Hyperthermia, particularly during hot weather, and paralytic ileusa b c
|
Use with caution; dosage adjustment may be neededc
|
Antipsychotics (e.g., phenothiazines)
|
Potential for decreased imipramine metabolisma b
|
|
Barbiturates
|
Potential for increased imipramine metabolisma b
|
Dosage adjustment may be neededa b
|
Cimetidine
|
Potential for decreased imipramine metabolisma b
|
Monitor for TCA toxicity; dosage adjustment may be neededc
|
CNS depressants
|
Potentiates effects of CNS depressantsa b
|
Use with cautiona b
|
Hypotensive agents (e.g., clonidine, guanethidine)
|
Antagonizes antihypertensive effects of clonidine or guanethidinea b
|
Use with cautiona b
|
Levodopa
|
May interfere with levodopa absorption c
|
Monitor levodopa dosage carefullya
|
MAO inhibitors
|
Potentially life-threatening serotonin syndromea b
|
Concomitant use contraindicateda b
Allow at least 14 days to elapse when switching to or from these drugsa b
|
Methylphenidate
|
Potential for decreased imipramine metabolisma b
|
Use with caution; decreased imipramine dosage may be requireda b
|
Phenytoin
|
Potential for increased imipramine metabolisma b
|
Dosage adjustment may be neededa b
|
SSRIs (e.g., citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline)
|
Potential for decreased imipramine metabolism and increased plasma concentrationsa b
|
Use with caution; monitor for TCA toxicity; dosage adjustment may be neededa b
Allow at least 5 weeks to elapse when switching from fluoxetinea b
|
Smoking
|
Possible decreased steady-state imipramine concentrationsg
|
|
Sympathomimetic agents (e.g., amphetamines, epinephrine, isoproterenol, norepinephrine, phenylephrine)
|
Increased vasopressor, cardiac effectsc
|
Avoid concomitant usea b
|
Thyroid agents
|
Possible cardiac arrhythmiasc
|
Use with caution and under close supervisiona b
|
Imipramine Pamoate Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Bioavailability
Well absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations usually attained within 1–2 hours.f
Bioavailability is approximately 43%.g
Onset
Antidepressant effect usually occurs within 1–3 weeks.a b
Food
Food does not affect absorption.g
Distribution
Extent
Widely distributed in the body.g
Imipramine and its active metabolite, desipramine, are distributed into milk100 101 in concentrations similar to those present in maternal plasma.101
Plasma Protein Binding
Approximately 60–96%.g
Elimination
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver via demethylation to pharmacologically active metabolite, desipramine, by various CYP isoenzymes (e.g., CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP2C).c
Elimination Route
Excreted principally in urine as inactive metabolites within 24 hours (40%) and within 72 hours (70%); small amounts excreted in feces via biliary elimination.f
Half-life
Imipramine: 8–20 hours.f g
Desipramine: Up to 125 hours.f g
Special Populations
Alcoholics found to have a threefold greater intrinsic clearance of imipramine.g
Stability
Storage
Oral
Capsules
Tight containers at <30°C.a b
Tablets
Tight containers at 15–30°C.a b
ActionsActions
Mechanism of action in the management of depression unknown but may involve inhibition of reuptake of norepinephrine and/or serotonin.a b
Mechanism of action in the treatment of enuresis is not known but may involve inhibition of urination due to anticholinergic activity, CNS stimulant activity resulting in easier arousal by the stimulus of a full bladder, and/or other mechanisms that are presently unknown.c
Associated with more frequent anticholinergic, sedative, or cardiovascular effects and weight gain than SSRIs.c
Advice to Patients
Risk of suicidality; importance of patients, family, and caregivers being alert to and immediately reporting emergence of suicidality, worsening depression, or unusual changes in behavior, especially during the first few months of therapy or during periods of dosage adjustment.i j k FDA recommends providing written patient information (medication guide) explaining risks of suicidality each time the drug is dispensed.i j k
Importance of considering possible impaired ability to perform hazardous activities (e.g., operating hazardous machinery, driving a motor vehicle).a b
Risk of concomitant use with alcohol.a b
Risk of photosensitivity reactions.a b
Importance of continuing imipramine therapy even if a response is not evident within 1–3 weeks, unless directed otherwise.a b
Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.a b
Importance of informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs, as well as any concomitant illnesses or planned surgery.a b
Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information.a b (See Cautions.)
Preparations
Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.
* available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name
Imipramine Hydrochloride
Routes
|
Dosage Forms
|
Strengths
|
Brand Names
|
Manufacturer
|
|---|
Oral
|
Tablets
|
10 mg*
|
Imipramine Hydrochloride Tablets
|
Par
|
|
|
|
Tofranil (with povidone)
|
Mallinckrodt
|
|
|
25 mg*
|
Imipramine Hydrochloride Tablets
|
Par
|
|
|
|
Tofranil (with povidone)
|
Mallinckrodt
|
|
|
50 mg*
|
Imipramine Hydrochloride Tablets
|
Par
|
|
|
|
Tofranil (with povidone)
|
Mallinckrodt
|
|
Tablets, film-coated
|
10 mg*
|
Imipramine Hydrochloride Tablets
|
Sandoz, Mutual, United Research
|
|
|
25 mg*
|
Imipramine Hydrochloride Tablets
|
Sandoz, Mutual, United Research
|
|
|
50 mg*
|
Imipramine Hydrochloride Tablets
|
Sandoz, Mutual, United Research
|
Imipramine Pamoate
Routes
|
Dosage Forms
|
Strengths
|
Brand Names
|
Manufacturer
|
|---|
Oral
|
Capsules
|
equivalent to imipramine hydrochloride 75 mg
|
Tofranil-PM (with parabens)
|
Mallinckrodt
|
|
|
equivalent to imipramine hydrochloride 100 mg
|
Tofranil-PM (with parabens)
|
Mallinckrodt
|
|
|
equivalent to imipramine hydrochloride 125 mg
|
Tofranil-PM (with parabens)
|
Mallinckrodt
|
|
|
equivalent to imipramine hydrochloride 150 mg
|
Tofranil-PM (with parabens)
|
Mallinckrodt
|
Comparative Pricing
This pricing information is subject to change at the sole discretion of DS Pharmacy. This pricing information was updated 03/2011. Actual costs to patients will vary depending on the use of specific retail or mail-order locations and health insurance copays.
Imipramine HCl 10MG Tablets (MUTUAL PHARMACEUTICAL): 30/$14.99 or 60/$19.98
Imipramine HCl 25MG Tablets (SANDOZ): 30/$14.99 or 90/$28.97
Imipramine HCl 50MG Tablets (MUTUAL PHARMACEUTICAL): 30/$17.61 or 90/$35.24
Imipramine Pamoate 75MG Capsules (MALLINCKRODT): 30/$443.83 or 90/$1275.65
Tofranil 50MG Tablets (MALLINCKRODT): 30/$189.98 or 90/$529.98
Tofranil-PM 125MG Capsules (MALLINCKRODT): 30/$555.97 or 90/$1528.04
Tofranil-PM 150MG Capsules (MALLINCKRODT): 30/$547.66 or 90/$1526.79
Tofranil-PM 75MG Capsules (MALLINCKRODT): 30/$532.51 or 90/$1452.66
Disclaimer
This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.
The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com represent that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com do not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.
AHFS Drug Information. © Copyright, 1959-2011, Selected Revisions September 2007. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.
† Use is not currently included in the labeling approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
References
Only references cited for selected revisions after 1984 are available electronically.
100. Geigy Pharmaceuticals. Tofranil prescribing information. In: Huff BB, ed. Physicians’ desk reference. 39th ed. Oradell, NJ: Medical Economics Company Inc; 1985:969-70.
101. Sovner R, Orsulak PJ. Excretion of imipramine and desipramine in human breast milk. Am J Psychiatry. 1979; 136:451-2. [PubMed 426114]
102. Aylward GP. Understanding and treatment of childhood depression. J Pediatr. 1985; 107:1-9. [PubMed 2409258]
103. Food and Drug Administration. Class suicidality labeling language for antidepressants. From the FDA website: ().
104. Food and Drug Administration. Public health advisory: suicidality in children and adolescents being treated with antidepressant medications. Rockville, MD; 2004 Oct 15. From the FDA website: ()
105. Food and Drug Administration. Medication guide: about using antidepressants in children or teenagers. Rockville, MD; 2005 Jan 16. From the FDA web site: ().
a. Tyco healthcare-Mallinckrodt. Tofranil (imipramine hydrochloride) prescribing information. St. Louis, MO; 2001 Oct 17.
b. Tyco healthcare-Mallinckrodt. Tofranil-PM (imipramine pamoate) prescribing information. St. Louis, MO; 2001 Apr 17.
c. AHFS drug information 2004. McEvoy GK, ed. Tricyclic antidepressants general statement. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2004:2234-41.
e. Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and lactation. 5th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 2002:693-4.
f. AHFS drug information 2004. McEvoy GK, ed. Imipramine. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2004:2254-5.
g. IPCS INTOX Programme. Imipramine. From the IPCS website (). Accessed 2004 Apr 7.
h. American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (revised). Am J Psychiatry. 2002; 159(Suppl):1-49.
i. Food and Drug Administration. FDA news: FDA proposes new warnings about suicidal thinking, behavior in young adults who take antidepressant medications. Rockville, MD; 2007 May 2. From the FDA web site:
j. Food and Drug Administration. Antidepressant use in children, adolescents, and adults: class revisions to product labeling. Rockville, MD; 2007 May 2. From the FDA web site:
k. Food and Drug Administration. Revisions to medication guide: antidepressant medicines, depression and other serious mental illnesses and suicidal thoughts or actions. Rockville, MD; 2007 May 2. From the FDA web site:
l. Bridge JA, Iyengar S, Salary CB. Clinical response and risk for reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in pediatric antidepressant treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2007; 297:1683-96. [PubMed 17440145]
More Imipramine Pamoate resources
- Imipramine Pamoate Side Effects (in more detail)
- Imipramine Pamoate Dosage
- Imipramine Pamoate Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
- Drug Images
- Imipramine Pamoate Drug Interactions
- Imipramine Pamoate Support Group
- 13 Reviews for Imipramine Pamoate - Add your own review/rating
- Imipramine Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)
- Imipramine Prescribing Information (FDA)
- Imipramine MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)
- imipramine Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)
- imipramine Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information
- Tofranil Prescribing Information (FDA)
- Tofranil-PM Prescribing Information (FDA)
- Tofranil-PM MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)
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